Alexander disease / AxD (GFAP-related) - Labrador Retriever

What does this test detect?

This genetic test analyses the GFAP variant c.719G>A in the Labrador Retriever. The condition is known as Alexander disease, AxD, fibrinoid leukodystrophy and fibrinoid encephalomyelopathy.

What does this mean for the dog?

GFAP encodes glial fibrillary acidic protein, a structural protein in astrocytes of the central nervous system. A disease-causing GFAP variant disrupts support of nervous tissue and can lead to a severe, progressive neurodegenerative disorder. In young dogs, early signs may include ataxia, loss of balance, head tilt, knuckling, nystagmus and sensitivity to touch.

As the condition progresses, hindlimb weakness, paresis, stiffness, muscle atrophy, swallowing difficulty, regurgitation, altered voice and myoclonic jerks can occur. Because AxD in dogs is serious and progressive, genetic identification is especially valuable in breeding lines and in young dogs with compatible neurological signs.

Inheritance and result

The GFAP variant follows autosomal dominant inheritance. One copy of the variant is already relevant for the condition and can be passed to offspring. A clear result means this specific GFAP variant was not detected.

Practical value of this test

• The test helps Labrador Retriever breeders remove a serious dominant neurological variant from breeding lines.
• The result clarifies whether the tested variant is present before breeding or purchase decisions.
• In young dogs with progressive coordination or movement problems, the test provides targeted genetic clarity.
• Because one copy is already important, timely testing can strongly support breeding plans and risk management.