Factor XI deficiency / FXID / Hemophilia C (F11-related) - Cattle

About Factor XI deficiency

Factor XI deficiency, also known as FXID, F11 deficiency, plasma thromboplastin antecedent deficiency or Hemophilia C, is an inherited coagulation disorder in cattle. This analysis detects the 76-bp insertion in exon 12 of the F11 gene, described as c.1406ins76.

Factor XI contributes to stable blood clotting. Animals with two copies of the variant can show excessive or prolonged bleeding, for example after dehorning, castration, trauma or from the umbilical cord in calves. Bloody milk, poorer reproductive performance and increased vulnerability in the herd have also been described with FXID.

Practical value of this test

The result helps distinguish clear animals, carriers and affected animals. This is especially useful in Holstein Friesian and Sahiwal cattle, where this variant is described.

• Clear: the tested F11 insertion was not detected.
• Carrier: one copy is present and can be passed to offspring.
• Affected: two copies cause Factor XI deficiency with increased bleeding risk.

For breeders, this supports planned matings and controlled use of carrier animals without losing valuable genetics unnecessarily.