Coat colour OCA4-1 (SLC45A2-related) - Dog

What does this test analyse?

This DNA test analyses the SLC45A2 variant c.1478G>A for OCA4-1 in dogs. The trait is known as oculocutaneous albinism, OCA, albinism, pigment dilution and, depending on breed, as a very light to almost white coat with pale skin, nose and eyes.

What does this pigment trait mean?

This variant reduces normal pigment production or pigment function. Dogs with two copies can develop a strikingly light, cream or almost white coat, often with lightly pigmented skin, nose, lips and eyes. In some dogs, sensitivity to bright light or vulnerability of low-pigment skin areas can be practically relevant.

The final visible colour still depends on breed, base colour and other coat-colour genes, but two copies of this recessive variant are the direct genetic explanation for this specific OCA pigment pattern.

Inheritance and result

The trait is inherited as autosomal recessive. A dog with one copy is a carrier and normally does not show the pigment pattern. A dog with two copies develops the corresponding OCA pattern and passes the variant to all offspring.

Practical value

• Breeders can identify carriers and avoid combinations that may produce puppies with two copies.
• The result helps explain why a dog has an almost white, cream or unusually low-pigment coat.
• The test supports breeding selection, colour planning and clear communication about expected pigment and eye-colour outcomes.
• In dogs with low pigment, the result helps focus attention on skin, nose, eyes and light sensitivity.