DNA & genetic tests
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48.4

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40

Coat colour E locus / MC1R (6 variants) - Dog

DNA panel for six MC1R/E-locus variants that help explain red/yellow/cream, melanistic mask, grizzle/domino and sable coat patterns in dogs.

Turnaround time
10 workdays
test Methods
Sequencing
Test code
PVT-AFDAB18CFC90
Species
Dog
Matrices
Blood, Blood (EDTA), Blood (Heparin), Swab, Tissue

Overview

What does this test examine?

This DNA panel analyses six variants in the MC1R gene, also known as the Extension gene or E locus. The panel includes e1 c.916C>T, e2 c.-432G>C, e3 c.816_817del, Em c.790A>G, Eg c.233G>T and eH c.250G>A. Together, these markers provide insight into recessive red/yellow/cream, melanistic mask, grizzle/domino and sable-like coat patterns.

What does the E locus mean?

MC1R influences the switch between eumelanin (black/brown pigment) and phaeomelanin (red/yellow pigment). A functional E allele allows dark pigment formation, while two recessive e alleles strongly limit dark pigment in the coat. The dog may therefore appear red, yellow, cream, apricot or whitish depending on breed and other colour genes.

The E locus works with the A locus, K locus, B locus, D locus, white spotting and intensity genes. This panel is especially useful as part of a broader coat-colour interpretation.

Inheritance and allele hierarchy

The recessive e variants e1, e2 and e3 mainly cause a light red/yellow/cream spectrum when two recessive e alleles are present. Other E-locus alleles mainly influence where dark pigment is visible.

  • Em causes a melanistic mask on the muzzle and face; it can be hidden by a dark coat or white markings.
  • Eg is linked to grizzle or domino.
  • eH is linked to sable coat colour and is one of the newer MC1R variants in the E-locus hierarchy.
  • e1, e2 and e3 are recessive MC1R variants; combinations of two recessive e alleles limit dark pigment in the coat.

Practical value of this test

This test helps breeders and owners understand both visible and hidden E-locus alleles. That is useful for colour planning, explaining unexpected puppy colours and combining E-locus information with other coat-colour tests.

  • Helps predict whether a dog carries and can pass on recessive red/yellow/cream alleles.
  • Identifies melanistic mask, grizzle/domino and sable markers, even when the pattern is not clearly visible.
  • Supports targeted mating plans for expected coat colours and clearer communication with puppy buyers.
  • Reduces reliance on appearance alone in dogs that may carry hidden coat-colour variants.

Included subanalyses

This analysis includes the following subanalyses:

  • E locus e1 / recessive red/yellow (MC1R c.916C>T) - Dog
  • E locus e2 / cream/light red-yellow (MC1R c.-432G>C) - Dog
  • E locus e3 / pale yellow/white (MC1R c.816_817del) - Dog
  • E locus Eg / grizzle/domino (MC1R c.233G>T) - Dog
  • E locus eH / sable (MC1R c.250G>A) - Dog
  • E locus Em / melanistic mask (MC1R c.790A>G) - Dog

Allele combinations & result interpretations

Sampling and submission guidelines

References