Coat colour Camarillo White / Dominant White W4 (KIT-related) - Horse

What does this test analyse?

This genetic test analyses the KIT variant c.1805C>T, known as W4. This variant belongs to the white spotting or dominant white series in horses. In practice, names such as dominant white, white spotting, sabino-like white, Camarillo White, tobiano or splashed white can sometimes be used for visually similar patterns, while different genetic variants may be involved.

W4 is especially relevant for the Camarillo White Horse. W4 causes the Camarillo White phenotype, usually a completely white coat, mane and tail with pink skin under the white hair. The final amount of white is not determined by this variant alone: base colour, other white-pattern genes and combinations with other KIT variants can strongly influence the visible coat pattern.

What does this W variant mean?

KIT is important for the development and migration of pigment cells. When a W variant changes KIT function, parts of the skin and hair follicles may receive too few pigment cells. This can produce white markings, white patches or, in some lines, almost completely white horses with pink skin under the white hair.

Practical value of this test

• Breeders can determine whether a horse can pass this specific W variant to its offspring.
• The test helps explain whether white markings or a dominant white pattern are caused by this variant or whether other loci should be investigated.
• For breeding plans, the result can be combined with other colour tests to estimate foal colour and amount of white more realistically.
• For sale, registration and communication with buyers, a DNA result gives more certainty than appearance or pedigree alone.
• The result helps plan matings between horses with white-pattern variants more deliberately, especially when a homozygous state may be undesirable or biologically unusual.

Inheritance and result

The result is reported as N/N, N/W4 or W4/W4. N/N means that the tested variant was not detected. N/W4 means that the horse carries one copy and can pass the variant on. W4/W4 means that two copies of this specific variant were detected. For W4, two copies are considered likely embryonic lethal.